Grow Trucking logo
Back to Regulations Reference
49 CFR Part 396

Vehicle Maintenance & DVIR Requirements

Motor carriers must systematically inspect, repair, and maintain every commercial vehicle under their control under 49 CFR Part 396, including a written Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) at the end of each day's work, an annual periodic inspection by a qualified inspector, and maintenance records retained for at least 12 months.

Key Points

  • DVIR required at the end of each day's work on each vehicle operated (396.11)
  • DVIRs (and repair/review certifications) must be kept for 3 months from the report date
  • Annual periodic inspection by a qualified inspector required — documentation kept 12 months, plus 6 months after the vehicle leaves the carrier's control
  • Maintenance files required on every vehicle controlled for 30+ days — covers essentially all owned and longer-term leased equipment
  • Preventive maintenance records must be retained for 12 months from when they were generated

The daily DVIR

Under 396.11, drivers must inspect their vehicle and prepare a written report at the end of each day's work, covering at least the specific systems and components listed in the rule, and noting any defect that would affect safe operation or could cause a mechanical breakdown. The carrier must keep the original DVIR, the certification that any listed defect was repaired, and the certification that the driver reviewed it, for 3 months from the report date.

Annual inspection and maintenance files

Every vehicle needs documentation that a periodic (annual) inspection was completed by a qualified inspector within the last 12 months — that record stays at the vehicle's home terminal for a year, and for 6 more months after the vehicle leaves the carrier's control. Separately, a carrier must maintain a maintenance file for any vehicle under its control for 30 or more days (which covers basically every owned or longer-leased truck), and keep preventive maintenance records for at least 12 months from when they were created.

Frequently Asked Questions

Do I need to file a DVIR if I didn't find anything wrong?+

Yes — the requirement is to prepare a written report at the end of each day's work regardless of outcome, not only when a defect is found. A clean DVIR is still a required record.

How long do I need to keep DVIRs and maintenance records?+

DVIRs and their repair/review certifications need to be kept for 3 months from the report date. Preventive maintenance records need 12 months, and annual inspection documentation needs to be kept for 12 months at the vehicle's home terminal plus 6 more months after the vehicle leaves your control.

Does the 30-day maintenance file rule apply to a leased truck?+

Yes — the rule applies to any vehicle under a carrier's control for 30 or more days, which covers essentially all owned trucks and any lease longer than 30 days, not just vehicles you hold title to.

This is a plain-language summary for reference, not legal advice. Always verify current requirements against the official regulation text or consult a compliance professional for your specific operation.